{"id":6254,"date":"2014-02-21T16:22:58","date_gmt":"2014-02-21T08:22:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.symedialab.org.hk\/talk\/?p=6254"},"modified":"2014-02-21T16:22:58","modified_gmt":"2014-02-21T08:22:58","slug":"%e9%80%9a%e5%ae%b5%e6%9b%b4%e6%99%82%e8%96%aa32-%e8%84%ab%e6%98%9f%e9%84%ad%e8%89%b7%e9%ba%97%e9%ba%a5%e8%a8%98%e8%b3%a3%e5%8c%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.symedialab.com\/talk\/%e9%80%9a%e5%ae%b5%e6%9b%b4%e6%99%82%e8%96%aa32-%e8%84%ab%e6%98%9f%e9%84%ad%e8%89%b7%e9%ba%97%e9%ba%a5%e8%a8%98%e8%b3%a3%e5%8c%85\/","title":{"rendered":"\u901a\u5bb5\u66f4\u6642\u85aa$32 \u812b\u661f\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u9ea5\u8a18\u8ce3\u5305"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"410p1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n\u6458\u8981<\/b>
\n\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7d05\u6975\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u8c54\u661f\u912d\u8277\u9e97\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u88ab\u300a\u58f9\u5468\u520a\u300b\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u5feb\u9910\u5e97\u6253\u5de5\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u5c01\u9762\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u58f9\u9031\u520a\u300b\u4ee5\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u5831\u9053\u8277\u9e97\u7684\u8fd1\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6307\u5979\u66fe\u88ab\u300c\u5bcc\u5546\u5305\u300d\uff0c\u53c8\u6307\u5979\u9813\u5931\u7d93\u6fdf\u652f\u67f1\uff0c\u8981\u5230\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6371\u9a3e\u4ed4\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53d6\u7b11\u5979\u73fe\u6642\u300c\u718a\u8170\u5de8\u8e89\u300d\u5916\u8c8c\u8d70\u6a23\u3002\u5831\u9053\u4e00\u51fa\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u60f9\u4f86\u5168\u57ce\u71b1\u7f75\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7db2\u6c11\u65e2\u51fa\u8072\u529b\u6490\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u8173\u8e0f\u5be6\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u52de\u529b\u8cfa\u9322\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u6307\u58f9\u50b3\u5a92\u300c\u7121\u54c1\u517c\u7121\u9053\u5fb7\u64cd\u5b88\u300d\uff0c\u76f4\u8a00\u7f77\u7747\u3002<\/p>\n

\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u80cc\u666f<\/b>
\n42\u6b72\u7684\u912d\u8277\u9e97\uff0c\u65bc1988\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u7121\u7dab\u96fb\u8996\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u591a\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0c\u8f49\u578b\u62cd\u651d\u9732\u9ede\u5beb\u771f\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u9023\u7e8c\u63a5\u62cd\u591a\u90e8\u4e09\u7d1a\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u9577\u9aee\u62ab\u80a9\u7684\u6e05\u7d14\u81c9\u86cb\uff0c\u53ca\u8c50\u6eff\u8eab\u6750\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u95d6\u51fa\u540d\u5802\uff0c\u4eba\u6c23\u751a\u9ad8\u3002\u76f4\u81f310\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5979\u96e2\u958b\u87a2\u5149\u5e55\u606f\u5f71\u3002\u800c\u8fd1\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u5728\u5e7e\u90e8\u96fb\u5f71\u518d\u6b21\u9732\u9762\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u898b\u5230\u5979\u6f14\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

Metaethics\u3010\u5f8c\u8a2d\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3011
\n1. Consequentialist approach<\/u>
\n– Judges the ethical implications by expected consequences.
\n– Called teleology theory\u3010\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3011.<\/p>\n

Teleology Theory
\n– Teleology, judged by the relative goodness\/badness of its consequences. The act producing the most good is right.
\n– Achieving the greatest good for the greatest number of people may be unfair to vulnerable people and therefore unethical, according to deontologist.<\/p>\n

2. Non-consequentialist, or duty-based, approach<\/u>
\n– Which does not consider the consequences of actions.
\n– Called deontology theory\u3010\u7fa9\u52d9\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3011.<\/p>\n

Deontology Theory
\n– According to Emmanuel Kant, all people have a duty to behave morally correct, even if it is contrary to their character or desires.
\n– In the process, people\u2019s intention and their motive behind the act are counted, not simply the consequences.<\/p>\n

3. Golden mean<\/u>
\nA person with good character would choose a path in between.<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u805e\u9053\u5fb7\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\n\u6b63\u65b9
\uff08\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u9053\u6709\u9055\u9053\u5fb7\uff09<\/td>\n		\u53cd\u65b9
\uff08\u65b0\u805e\u5831\u9053\u6c92\u6709\u9055\u53cd\u9053\u5fb7\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1. \u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u912d\u66fe\u662f\u7576\u7d05\u7684\u8277\u661f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5df2\u9000\u51fa\u5f71\u5708\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u8eab\u4efd\u53ea\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5feb\u9910\u5e97\u5de5\u4f5c\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u4f55\u5927\u8086\u5831\u5c0e\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e0a\u982d\u689d\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\u5462\uff1f<\/li>\n
  • \u524d\u8277\u661f\u88ab\u5047\u8a2d\u6703\u5bcc\u6709\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u4eca\u912d\u7684\u5883\u6cc1\u662f\u5947\u805e\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n
    \n
  • \u660e\u661f\u975e\u666e\u901a\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9000\u96b1\u5f8c\u7684\u53bb\u5411\uff0c\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u4ee4\u4eba\u597d\u5947\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u800c\u66fe\u7d05\u6975\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u8b80\u8005\u60f3\u4e86\u89e3\u96b1\u661f\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5e38\u60c5\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u66fe\u7d93\u64d4\u4efb\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9000\u4e0d\u9000\u5f97\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u516c\u773e\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u5982\u679c\u9019\u671f\u58f9\u9031\u520a\u7121\u4eba\u554f\u6d25\uff0c\u912d\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u9000\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u58f9\u9031\u624d\u7b97\u4e0d\u9867\u65b0\u805e\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2. Deontology theory<\/td>\n\n\u7528\u5b57\u4e0d\u7576\uff0c\u919c\u5316\u912d\u8277\u9e97<\/u>
\n\u812b\u661f\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u4eca\u6642\u4eca\u65e5\u912d\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u606f\u5f71\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u524d\u8277\u661f\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u5831\u9053\u53c8\u53d6\u7b11\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u7531\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u300c\u6e05\u7d14\u5c0f\u82b1\u300d\uff0c\u8b8a\u70ba\u300c\u4eca\u65e5\u767d\u9aee\u84bc\u84bc\u7684\u80a5\u5a46\u300d\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u53c8\u6307\u5979\u300c\u4f3c\u751f\u80b2\u904e\u7684\u718a\u8170\u5de8\u8e89\u300d\uff0c\u8a00\u8a5e\u6beb\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u9ea5\u7576\u52de\u6371\u9a3e\u4ed4\u300d\uff0c\u523b\u610f\u71df\u9020\u51fa\u912d\u6dd2\u6dbc\u7684\u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u8207\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u5979\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u9060\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u6216\u8a31\u9019\u4e9b\u8277\u661f\u8b8a\u5e73\u6c11\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5f88\u5438\u5f15\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u516c\u773e\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u9019\u6a23harsh\u55ce\uff1f\n<\/td>\n

\n
    \n
  • \u7528\u5b57\u8f9b\u8fa3\u8207\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7dda\u4e4b\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4efd\u96dc\u8a8c\uff0c\u58f9\u9031\u520a\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u8207\u8b80\u8005\u7fa4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u58f9\u9031\u9700\u8981\u5411\u8b80\u8005\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eca\u5929\u58f9\u9031\u63aa\u8fad\u56b4\u8b39\uff0c\u5c07\u5931\u53bb\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u7fa4\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u8a87\u5f35\uff0c\u58f9\u9031\u8aaa\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u4e0a\u500b\u4eba\u8a55\u8ad6\u5b57\u773c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3. Teleology theory<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  • \u6839\u64da\u300a\u58f9\u9031\u520a\u300b\u7684\u5831\u5c0e\uff0c\u912d\u8277\u9e97\u6d17\u76e1\u925b\u83ef\uff0c\u6539\u540d\u6253\u5de5\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u9084\u523b\u610f\u9078\u64c7\u4eba\u6f6e\u8f03\u5c11\u85aa\u6c34\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u6df1\u591c\u6642\u6bb5\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5831\u5c0e\u51fa\u8857\u5f8c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5979\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u50f1\u4e3b\u4e0d\u4ecb\u610f\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u516b\u5366\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u9a37\u64fe\u5979\uff0c\u6709\u60f3\u904e\u5831\u5c0e\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u751f\u8a08\uff1f\u5831\u5c0e\u6c92\u6709\u8003\u616e\u5c0d\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e0d\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u6709\u6b20\u50b3\u5a92\u9053\u5fb7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n
\n