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\u5c31\u624e\u9435\u5206\u5224\u5546\u6c38\u5149\u6628\u65e5\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6c38\u5149\u5de5\u4eba\u66fe\u63d0\u9192\u79ae\u9813\u87ba\u7d72\u5e3d\u548c\u92fc\u7b4b\u5f62\u72c0\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u79ae\u9813\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u8457\u5de5\u4eba\u7e7c\u7e8c\u958b\u5de5\u7684\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u77f3\u6c38\u6cf0\u53cd\u99c1\u4e0d\u8ad6\u92fc\u7b4b\u8207\u87ba\u7d72\u5e3d\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u932f\u914d\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u63a5\u99c1\u4e0d\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u8ff0\u79ae\u9813\u8077\u54e1\u8b49\u4f9b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65bd\u5de5\u671f\u9593\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u92fc\u7b4b\u626d\u5165\u87ba\u7d72\u5e3d\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6c38\u5149\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u77f3\u6c38\u6cf0\u53c8\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79ae\u9813\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7269\u6599\u5747\u6709\u8cea\u91cf\u8b49\u66f8\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u672c\u6e2f\u8981\u6c42\u8a8d\u53ef\u6a5f\u69cb\u62bd\u53d6\u92fc\u7b4b\u6a23\u672c\u4f5c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79ae\u9813\u627f\u8a8d\u5de5\u5730\u67097%\u92fc\u7b4b\u7121\u505a\u76f8\u95dc\u6aa2\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u5f71\u97ff\u7d50\u69cb\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6e2f\u9435\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5f8b\u5e2b\u00a0Philip Boulding \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5317\u9762\u9023\u63a5\u96a7\u9053\u9023\u63a5\u7e2b\u7121\u59a5\u7576\u63a5\u99c1\u87ba\u7d72\u5e3d\uff0c\u975e\u6e2f\u9435\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u79ae\u9813\u548c\u6c38\u5149\u7684\u624b\u5de5\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u73fe\u6642\u7121\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u9023\u63a5\u7e2b\u6709\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u58d3\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
Boulding\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79ae\u9813\u77e5\u9053\u63a1\u8cfc\u7269\u6599\u53ca\u87ba\u7d72\u5e3d\u6709\u63a5\u99c1\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u901a\u77e5\u6e2f\u9435\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u79ae\u9813\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5411\u6e2f\u9435\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u6e2f\u9435\u5c31\u9023\u63a5\u7e2b\u554f\u984c\u5411\u79ae\u9813\u767c\u51fa\u4e86138\u4efd\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5831\u544a<\/p>\n
Boulding\u4ea6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6aa2\u67e5\u53ca\u6e2c\u91cf\u7533\u8acb\u8868\u683c\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u79ae\u9813\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6587\u66f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u9060\u9060\u843d\u5f8c\u65bc\u65bd\u5de5\u9032\u5ea6\u3002\u82e5\u6e2f\u9435\u5805\u6301\u6536\u5230\u8868\u683c\u624d\u6703\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5ef6\u8aa4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6e2f\u9435\u540c\u610f\u79ae\u9813\u53e3\u982d\u8981\u6c42\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4ea6\u76f8\u4fe1\u79ae\u9813\u5176\u5f8c\u6703\u88dc\u4ea4\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u79ae\u9813\u6c92\u6709\u505a\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n
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Boulding\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u79ae\u9813\u77e5\u9053\u63a1\u8cfc\u7269\u6599\u53ca\u87ba\u7d72\u5e3d\u6709\u63a5\u99c1\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u901a\u77e5\u6e2f\u9435\u5373\u6642\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u79ae\u9813\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5411\u6e2f\u9435\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u6e2f\u9435\u5c31\u9023\u63a5\u7e2b\u554f\u984c\u5411\u79ae\u9813\u767c\u51fa\u4e86138\u4efd\u4e0d\u5408\u683c\u5831\u544a 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