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post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.symedialab.com\/talk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/\u6234\u671b\u82121.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":35611,"url":"https:\/\/www.symedialab.com\/talk\/%e5%8a%89%e4%bb%a5%e9%ac%af\/","url_meta":{"origin":31669,"position":2},"title":"\u5289\u4ee5\u9b2f","author":"Patricia Leung","date":"April 10, 2015","format":false,"excerpt":"\u5289\u4ee5\u9b2f \u00a0 \u8eab\u5206\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u5c0f\u8aaa\u5bb6\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u958b\u5927\u5b78\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388 \u00a0 \u51fa\u751f\uff1a1918\u5e7412\u67087\u65e5\u751f\u65bc\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c\u7956\u7c4d\u6d59\u6c5f\u5be7\u6ce2\u93ae\u6d77 \u901d\u4e16\uff1a2018\u5e746\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u65bc\u9999\u6e2f\u9285\u947c\u7063\u6771\u83ef\u6771\u9662\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7499\u6b72 \u00a0 \u5b78\u6b77\uff1a \u20271941\u5e74\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u8056\u7d04\u7ff0\u5927\u5b78 \u00a0 \u5de5\u4f5c\u6b77\u7a0b\uff1a 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\u20271985\u5e741\u6708\u5275\u8fa6\u6708\u520a\u300a\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u7e3d\u7de8\u8f2f\u76f4\u81f32000\u5e746\u6708 \u2027\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u5c0d\u5012\u300b\u3001\u300a\u9152\u5f92\u300b\u5206\u5225\u88ab\u9999\u6e2f\u5c0e\u6f14\u738b\u5bb6\u885b\u65bc2000\u5e74\u30012004\u5e74\u62cd\u6210\u96fb\u5f71\u300a\u82b1\u6a23\u5e74\u83ef\u300b\u548c\u300a2046\u300b \u00a0 \u69ae\u8b7d\uff1a \u20272001\u5e747\u6708\u7372\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u5340\u653f\u5e9c\u9812\u767c\u69ae\u8b7d\u52f3\u7ae0 \u20272009\u5e74\u7372\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u958b\u5927\u5b78\u9812\u6388\u5275\u610f\u5beb\u4f5c\u8207\u96fb\u5f71\u85dd\u8853\u69ae\u8b7d\u6587\u5b78\u58eb\u8ab2\u7a0b\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\u69ae\u929c \u20272011\u5e74\u7372\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u5340\u653f\u5e9c\u9812\u767c\u9285\u7d2b\u834a\u661f\u7ae0 \u20272011\u5e7412\u6708\u7372\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u958b\u5927\u5b78\u9812\u6388\u69ae\u8b7d\u6587\u5b78\u535a\u58eb \u20272014\u5e74\u7372\u5dba\u5357\u5927\u5b78\u9812\u6388\u69ae\u8b7d\u6587\u5b78\u535a\u58eb \u00a0 \u4f5c\u54c1\uff1a 1951\u5e74\uff1a\u5929\u5802\u8207\u5730\u7344\u00a0\u00a0 (\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u96c6\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6d77\u6ff1\u66f8\u5c4b) 1963\u5e74\uff1a\u9152\u5f92 (\u9577\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6d77\u6ff1\u5716\u66f8\u516c\u53f8) 1977\u5e74\uff1a\u5bfa\u5167 (\u4e2d\u3001\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u96c6\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5e7c\u7345\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u696d\u516c\u53f8) 1977\u5e74\uff1a\u7aef\u6728\u857b\u826f\u8ad6\u00a0\u00a0 (\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u96c6\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u7248\u793e) 1979\u5e74\uff1a\u9676\u74f7 (\u9577\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u793e) 1980\u5e74\uff1a\u5289\u4ee5\u9b2f\u9078\u96c6\u00a0\u00a0 (\u5c0f\u8aaa\u3001\u6563\u6587\u3001\u8a55\u8ad6\u5408\u96c6\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u793e) 1981\u5e74\uff1a\u5929\u5802\u8207\u5730\u7344\u00a0\u00a0 (\u4e2d\u3001\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u96c6\uff0c\u5ee3\u5dde\u82b1\u57ce\u51fa\u7248\u793e) 1982\u5e74\uff1a\u770b\u6a39\u770b\u6797 (\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u96c6\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u66f8\u756b\u5c4b\u5716\u66f8\u516c\u53f8) 1984\u5e74\uff1a\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e5d\u4e03 (\u4e2d\u3001\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u96c6\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9060\u666f\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8) 1985\u5e74\uff1a\u6625\u96e8 (\u4e2d\u3001\u77ed\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8aaa\u96c6\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u83ef\u6f22\u6587\u5316\u4e8b\u696d\u516c\u53f8) 1985\u5e74\uff1a\u77ed\u7d86\u96c6\u00a0\u00a0 (\u6587\u5b78\u8a55\u8ad6\u96c6\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e2d\u570b\u53cb\u8abc\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8)\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar 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\u2027\u6771\u83ef\u4e09\u9662\u6e2f\u5cf6\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c0f\u5b78\u7562\u696d \u2027\u9999\u6e2f\u83ef\u4ec1\u66f8\u9662\u7562\u696d \u2027\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb \u2027\u660e\u5c3c\u8607\u9054\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u535a\u58eb \u00a0 \u5de5\u4f5c\u6b77\u7a0b\uff1a \u20271987\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u9023\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u5de5\u696d\u79d1\u6280\u7ba1\u7406\u5168\u570b\u57f9\u8a13\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f8e\u65b9\u6559\u5b78\u5718\u6210\u54e1\u3002 \u20271991\u5e74\u52a0\u5165\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b78 \u20271991\u5e74\u7372\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u7d04\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u7d93\u6fdf\u7cfb\u7d42\u8eab\u6559\u8077\u3002 \u20271999\u5e74\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a2a\u554f\u5b78\u8005\u3002 \u20272004\u5e74\u81f32005\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u8a55\u9078\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u3002 \u20272004\u5e74\u81f32006\u5e74Beta Gamma Sigma \u79d1\u5927\u5206\u6703\u4e3b\u5e2d() \u20272006\u5e74\uff0c\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8a2a\u554f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002 \u00a0 \u5176\u4ed6\u8077\u52d9\uff1a \u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6703\u6703\u54e1\u3001\u8a08\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6703\u6703\u54e1\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6703\uff08\u570b\u5916\uff09\u6703\u54e1\u300127\u4efd\u570b\u969b\u5c08\u696d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5831\u5be9\u7a3f\u4eba\u3001\u5317\u7f8e\u5dde\u4e2d\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u6703\u6703\u54e1\u3001\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5be9\u7a3f\u4eba\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u5be9\u7a3f\u4eba\u3001\u9999\u6e2f\u7814\u7a76\u8cc7\u52a9\u5c40\u8a55\u5be9\u4eba\u3001\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u300a\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u672c\u5b78\u5831\u300b\uff08Journal of Human Capital\uff09\u7de8\u8f2f\u3001\u300a\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7d93\u6fdf\u8a55\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Pacific Economic Review\uff09\u7de8\u8f2f\u9867\u554f\u3001\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ba2\u5ea7\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3001\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u89c0\u5bdf\u300b\u7de8\u8f2f\u59d4\u54e1\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5b78\u8853\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\u3002 \u00a0 \u516c\u8077\uff1a \u6276\u8ca7\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u6210\u54e1\u3001\u9577\u9060\u8ca1\u653f\u8a08\u5283\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7d44\u6210\u54e1 \u00a0 \u69ae\u8b7d\uff1a \u20271999\u5e74\u7372\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c46\u5168\u7403\u5091\u51fa\u83ef\u4eba\u66a8\u4e2d\u83ef\u6587\u5b78\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u91d1\u9f8d\u734e \u20272008\u5e74\u7372\u9999\u6e2f\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b78\u5546\u5b78\u9662Franklin\u5091\u51fa\u6559\u5b78\u734e \u00a0 \u8457\u4f5c\uff1a \u2027\u5b78\u8853\u8ad6\u6587\u5728\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5831\u300b\uff08Journal of Political 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